PYTHON HANDWRITTEN NOTES (Chapter 1: Python Introduction)
Short Revision About Chapter:
1. Brief History of Python:
Python was created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. It is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. Python's design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than languages like C++ or Java.
2. Python Versions:
Python has two major versions in use: Python 2. x and Python 3. x. Python 2 is no longer actively maintained, so it's recommended to use Python 3 for new projects. Python 3 introduced several improvements and is the future of the language. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, Python 3.9 was the latest stable release.
3. Installing Python:
To install Python, you can download the latest version from the official Python website (python.org) and follow the installation instructions for your operating system. Many operating systems come with Python pre-installed, but it's a good practice to use the official installer to ensure you have the latest version.
4. Environment Variables:
Environment variables are used to set system-wide configuration options. In Python, the `PATH` environment variable is crucial as it tells the operating system where to find the Python interpreter. Properly configuring environment variables is essential to execute Python scripts from the command line.
5. Executing Python from the Command Line:
Python scripts can be executed from the command line by simply typing `python` followed by the script name. For example: `python my_script.py`. You need to have Python properly installed and configured in your environment variables to do this.
6. IDLE:
IDLE is an integrated development environment (IDE) for Python. It provides a Python shell and a code editor, making it easy to write, test, and run Python code interactively. It's often included with Python installations.
7. Editing Python Files:
Python files typically have a `.py` extension. You can edit them using any text editor or integrated development environment (IDE) of your choice. Popular Python IDEs include PyCharm, Visual Studio Code, and Jupyter Notebook.
8. Python Documentation:
Python has extensive documentation available on the official Python website. It includes the Python Language Reference, Python Standard Library, and various tutorials and guides. The documentation is a valuable resource for learning and understanding Python.
9. Getting Help:
In Python, you can use the `help()` function to get information about a module, function, or object. Additionally, online communities like Stack Overflow, Python forums, and Python-related books are great sources of help and information.
10. Dynamic Types:
Python is dynamically typed, which means you don't need to declare the data type of a variable when you create it. Python infers the data type at runtime, making the language more flexible and concise.
11. Python Reserved Words:
Python has a set of reserved words (also known as keywords) that have special meanings and cannot be used as variable names. Examples include `if`, `while`, `for`, `def`, and `import`.
12. Naming Conventions:
Python has naming conventions to make code more readable and consistent. For example, variable names should be lowercase with words separated by underscores (`my_variable_name`), while class names should use CamelCase (`MyClassName`). Following these conventions helps maintain code quality and consistency.
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